from one's house

ex-ĕo, ĭi (rarely īvi, Gell. 12, 12, 3; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 50; perf. exit, for exiit, id. Ps. 2, 4, 40; Verg. A. 2, 497), ĭtum, īre ( fut. [p. 683] exibo, but exies, exiet, Sen. Ep. 113, 20; id. Apocol. 3, 1 al.;

exiet for exibit,

Tert. adv. Jud. 13; Vulg. Matt. 2, 6; 5, 26 al.; perh. also in Hor. C. 4, 4, 65; acc. to some MSS. al. evenit; v. Orell. ad h. l.), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to go out or forth, to go away, depart.

Lit.

In gen.:

dum intro eo atque exeo,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:

jam ad te exeo,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; 4, 9, 129:

foras,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 51; cf. id. Rud. 2, 2, 2:

ex urbe,

id. Am. 1, 3, 35:

ex urbe, oppido,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 1:

e patria,

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

e finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 1:

clam ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10:

ab aliquo,

from one's house, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7 (v. ab, I. a.):

ab urbe,

away from, Liv. 10, 37, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 21, 13, 7; 23, 18, 14;

al. a villa sua,

Quint. 6, 3, 49:

de triclinio, de cubiculo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

de balneis,

id. de Or. 2, 55, 223:

de navi,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4:

(cornix) a cauda de ovo,

tail first, Plin. 10, 16, 18, § 38:

portā,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 39:

domo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12; cf.:

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

i. e. withdraw from, leave their country, Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 1; so,

domo,

id. ib. 1, 12, 5;

1, 29, 1: castris,

id. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

in solitudinem,

to withdraw, Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

in alias domos tamquam in colonias,

id. ib. 1, 17, 54:

in provinciam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 4:

in terram,

i. e. to land, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 433:

in luminis oras,

i. e. to be born, Lucr. 1, 170:

ad aliquem,

i. e. to go from home to visit a person, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 6 et saep.—Prov.:

exeat aulā, qui vult esse pius,

Luc. 8, 493.— Poet., with inf.:

exierant dare veris opes,

Stat. Ach. 1, 288.—Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

cum de consularibus mea prima sors exisset,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 3; so,

sors,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 27; cf.:

cujus nomen exisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

nummi, qui per simulationem ab isto exierant,

id. ib. 2, 2, 25, §

61: per septem portus in maris exit aquas (Nilus),

flows out, empties, Ov. Am. 2, 13, 10:

septem aquis (Ister),

Val. Fl. 8, 187:

populo albae folia vetustiora in angulos exeunt,

terminate, Plin. 16, 23, 35, § 86:

color in florem heliotropii,

id. 37, 6, 22, § 83; cf.:

masculina nomina in A atque S litteras,

to end, terminate, Quint. 1, 5, 61.— Pass. impers.:

uti inde exiri possit,

Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

crepuit ostium: exitur foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 15:

in Velabro, qua in Novam viam exitur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 24 Müll.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to move out, march out:

milites, qui de tertia vigilia exissent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64 fin.:

ut paludati (praetores) exeant,

depart for the battle-field, id. ib. 1, 6, 6:

ad pugnam,

Liv. 44, 39, 2; Verg. G. 4, 67:

ex Italia ad bellum civile,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

non posse clam exiri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67, 2:

postquam exitum est maximā copiā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 64.—

In jurid. Lat.: potestate, de or a potestate alicujus, to get out of any one's power (potestas), to be emancipated, become free, Dig. 37, 4, 1, § 6; 62; 28, 6, 3 et saep. (cf. B. 1. infra).—

De vita, to depart from life, decease, die (for the usual excedere or decedere de vita):

quem (me) fuerat aequius ut prius introieram, sic prius exire de vita,

Cic. Cael. 4, 15; so,

de vita,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 5; cf.:

e vita tamquam e theatro,

Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

vitā exire,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 1.—

To go out or forth in any manner, to issue, escape (very rare):

cujus (Isocratis) e ludo tamquam ex equo Trojano meri principes exierunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 94:

hanc tamen Antonius fugam suam, quia vivus exierat, victoriam vocabat,

Vell. 2, 82, 3.—Of inanimate subjects:

currente rota cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22: libri quidem ita exierunt, ut, etc., turned out (the figure being borrowed from works of art which are cast and turned out of the mould), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1.—

Of plants, to come up, spring forth, sprout out:

plerumque e terra exit hordeum diebus VII.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 1:

ne semina in frugem exeant e terra,

Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 109:

folia a radice,

id. 25, 4, 9, § 28:

lupinus agro limoso,

Col. 2, 10, 3:

fabae in folia,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 57; and absol.:

ut vix ulla herba exeat,

Col. 2, 11, 3; so,

lens sata (with grandescere),

Pall. Febr. 4;

and, messis,

Val. Fl. 7, 549.—

To mount upwards, ascend, rise ( poet. and postAug. prose):

in auras (ignis),

Lucr. 6, 886:

ad caelum (arbor),

Verg. G. 2, 81:

in altitudinem (comae palmarum),

Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 37.—

Trop.

In gen.:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine aut iracundia, etc.... Qui igitur exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

itaque iratos proprie dicimus exisse de potestate, id est de consilio, de ratione, de mente,

id. ib. 4, 36, 77;

for which: a se,

Petr. 90: ex hac aerumna, Lucil. ap. Non. 296, 16; cf.:

exire aere alieno,

Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13 (dub. al. se exserere):

quam nihil non consideratum exibat ex ore!

id. Brut. 76, 265; id. de Or. 2, 22 fin.:

nequaquam similiter oratio mea exire atque in vulgus emanare poterit,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3; Plin. Pan. 75, 3:

ea res prodita est et in vulgus exivit,

Gell. 12, 12, 3; cf. with object-clause:

exiit opinio, descensurum eum ad Olympia inter athletas,

Suet. Ner. 53; for which also with a subject-clause:

quod ante paucos dies exierat in vulgus, laudanti cuidam formam suam, respondisse eum, etc.,

id. Galb. 20:

ob hoc exivit proverbium, etc.,

became current, Vulg. Gen. 10, 9.—

In partic.

Of time, to run out, end, expire:

quinto anno exeunte,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 53:

indutiarum dies exierat,

Liv. 4, 30, 14; 30, 25, 1; 42, 47, 10:

dies censurae, stipendii,

id. 9, 34, 22; 22, 33, 5:

nullus mihi per otium dies exit,

Sen. Ep. 8; Plin. Pan. 68, 2 et saep.—

To extend beyond a certain measure or limit (mostly post-Aug.):

extra aliquid,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25:

vestra vita, licet supra mille annos exeat,

run out, extend, Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:

probationes in tertium diem exierunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 18:

digressus in laudes Castoris ac Pollucis exierat,

Quint. 11, 2, 11; cf.:

continuus (translationis usus) in allegorias et aenigmata exit,

id. 8, 6, 14:

in longum exierit ordo rerum,

id. 4, 2, 51.—

To pass away, perish:

opus laudabile, numquam a memoria hominum exiturum,

Sen. Ben. 3, 38; so with a subjectclause:

an jam memoriā exisse, neminem ex plebe tribunum militum creatum esse?

Liv. 6, 37, 5.—

Act. ( poet. and in postAug. prose), to go or pass beyond a thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

limen,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 18:

Avernas valles,

Ov. M. 10, 52:

flumen,

Val. Fl. 4, 698:

quantum diurni itineris miliariorum numero in reda possit exiri,

Vitr. 10, 9, 3:

donec minor filius lubricum juventae exiret,

Tac. A. 6, 49 (55) fin. —

Pregn., to avoid, evade, ward off:

corpore tela atque oculis vigilantibus exit,

avoids the blows, Verg. A. 5, 438; cf.:

feros exibant dentis adactus (jumenta),

Lucr. 5, 1330; Stat. Th. 6, 802:

procul absiliebat, ut acrem exiret odorem,

Lucr. 6, 1217:

profluvium sanguinis,

id. 6, 1206:

vim viribus,

Verg. A. 11, 750 et saep.—

Trop.

To exceed:

modum,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Of time: ad exitam aetatem = ad ultimam aetatem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 28, 5 Müll.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

ălĭēnus, a, um [2. alius].

Adj.

In gen., that belongs to another person, place, object, etc., not one's own, another's, of another, foreign, alien (opp. suus): NEVE. ALIENAM. SEGETEM. PELLEXERIS., Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, and Serv. ad Verg. E. 8, 99: plus ex alieno jecore sapiunt quam ex suo, Pac. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 57; Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 111; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 88, and Lind. ib. 2, 3, 3: quom sciet alienum puerum ( the child of another) tolli pro suo, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 61:

in aedīs inruit Alienas,

id. Ad. 1, 2, 9; id. And. 1, 1, 125:

alienae partes anni,

Lucr. 1, 182; so Verg. G. 2, 149:

pecuniis alienis locupletari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137:

cura rerum alienarum,

id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 2, 23, 83:

alienos mores ad suos referre,

Nep. Epam. 1, 1:

in altissimo gradu alienis opibus poni,

Cic. Sest. 20:

semper regibus aliena virtus formidolosa est,

Sall. C. 7, 2:

amissis bonis alienas opes exspectare,

id. ib. 58. 10 Herz.:

aliena mulier,

another man's wife, Cic. Cael. 37:

mulier alieni viri sermonibus assuefacta,

of another woman's husband, Liv. 1, 46:

virtutem et bonum alienum oderunt,

id. 35, 43:

alienis pedibus ambulamus, alienis oculis agnoscimus, alienā memoriā salutamus, alienā operā vivimus,

Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 19:

oportet enim omnia aut ad alienum arbitrium aut ad suum facere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 14; so Suet. Claud. 2:

alienum cursum alienumque rectorem, velut captā nave, sequi,

Plin. Pan. 82, 3; Tac. A. 15, 1 fin.:

pudicitiae neque suae neque alienae pepercit,

Suet. Calig. 36:

epistolas orationesque et edicta alieno formabat ingenio,

i. e. caused to be written by another, id. Dom. 20:

te conjux aliena capit,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 46; 1, 1, 110; so id. ib. 1, 3, 116:

vulnus,

intended for another, Verg. A. 10, 781: aliena [p. 85] cornua, of Actæon transformed into a stag, Ov. M. 3, 139:

alieno Marte pugnabant, sc. equites,

i. e. without horses, as footmen, Liv. 3, 62: aes alienum, lit. another's money; hence, in reference to him who has it, a debt; cf. aes. So also:

aliena nomina,

debts in others' names, debts contracted by others, Sall. C. 35, 3.—

Esp.

In reference to relationship or friendship, not belonging to one, alien from, not related or allied, not friendly, inimical, strange, Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 43:

alienus est ab nostrā familiā,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 28; id. Heaut. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.:

multi ex finibus suis egressi se suaque omnia alienissimis crediderunt,

to utter strangers, Caes. B. G. 6, 31:

non alienus sanguine regibus,

Liv. 29, 29; Vell. 2, 76.—

Hence alienus and propinquus are antith.,

Cic. Lael. 5, 19:

ut neque amicis neque etiam alienioribus desim,

id. Fam. 1, 9 Manut.:

ut tuum factum alieni hominis, meum vero conjunctissimi et amicissimi esse videatur,

id. ib. 3, 6.—

Trop.: alienum esse in or ab aliquā re, to be a stranger to a thing, i. e. not to be versed in or familiar with, not to understand:

in physicis Epicurus totus est alienus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

homo non alienus a litteris,

not a stranger to, not unversed in, id. Verr. 2, 2, 26.—

Foreign to a thing, i. e. not suited to it, unsuitable, incongruous, inadequate, inconsistent, unseasonable, inapposite, different from (opp. aptus); constr. with gen., dat., abl., and ab; cf. Burm. ad Ov. F. 1, 4; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 14, 5; Spald. ad Quint. 6, 3, 33; Zumpt, Gr. § 384.

With gen.:

pacis (deorum),

Lucr. 6, 69:

salutis,

id. 3, 832:

aliarum rerum,

id. 6, 1064:

dignitatis alicujus,

Cic. Fin. 1, 4, 11:

neque aliena consili (sc. domus D. Bruti),

convenient for consultation, Sall. C. 40, 5 Kritz al.—

With dat.:

quod illi causae maxime est alienum,

Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: arti oratoriae, Quint. prooem. 5; 4, 2, 62; Sen. Q. N. 4 praef.—

With abl.:

neque hoc dii alienum ducunt majestate suā,

Cic. Div. 1, 38, 83:

homine alienissimum,

id. Off. 1, 13, 41:

dignitate imperii,

id. Prov. Cons. 8, 18:

amicitiā,

id. Fam. 11, 27:

existimatione meā,

id. Att. 6, 1:

domus magis his aliena malis,

farther from, Hor. S. 1, 9, 50:

loco, tempore,

Quint. 6, 3, 33.—

With ab:

alienum a vitā meā,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 21: a dignitate rei publicae, Tib. Gracch. ap. Gell. 7, 19, 7:

a sapiente,

Cic. Ac. 2, 43, 132:

a dignitate,

id. Fam. 4, 7:

navigationis labor alienus non ab aetate solum nostrā, verum etiam a dignitate,

id. Att. 16, 3.—

With inf. or clause as subject:

nec aptius est quidquam ad opes tuendas quam diligi, nec alienius quam timeri,

Cic. Off. 2, 7, 23:

non alienum videtur, quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum, docere,

Nep. Milt. 6, 1.—

Averse, hostile, unfriendly, unfavorable to:

illum alieno animo a nobis esse res ipsa indicat,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 40; Cic. Deiot. 9, 24:

a Pyrrho non nimis alienos animos habemus,

id. Lael. 8 fin.:

sin a me est alienior,

id. Fam. 2, 17:

ex alienissimis amicissimos reddere,

id. ib. 15, 4 al.:

Muciani animus nec Vespasiano alienus,

Tac. H. 2, 74.—Rar. transf. to things; as in the histt., alienus locus, a place or ground unfavorable for an engagement, disadvantageous (opp. suus or opportunus; cf.

Gron. Obs. 4, 17, 275): alieno loco proelium committunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15:

alienissimo sibi loco contra opportunissimo hostibus conflixit,

Nep. Them. 4, 5 Brem.—So of time unfitting, inconvenient, unfavorable, Varr. R. R. 3, 16:

ad judicium corrumpendum tempus alienum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 5; id. Caecin. 67:

vir egregius alienissimo rei publicae tempore exstinctus,

id. Brut. 1; id. Fam. 15, 14.—Of other things: alienum ( dangerous, perilous, hurtful) suis rationibus, Sall. C. 56, 5; Cels. 4, 5.—

In medic. lang.

Of the body, dead, corrupted, paralyzed (cf. alieno, II. B. 2.), Scrib. Comp. 201.—

Of the mind, insane, mad (cf. alieno and alienatio):

Neque solum illis aliena mens erat, qui conscii conjurationis fuerant,

Sall. C. 37, 1 Herz.—

Subst.

ălĭēnus, i, m., a stranger.

One not belonging to one's house, family, or country:

apud me cenant alieni novem,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 21:

ut non ejectus ad alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos īsse videaris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 23:

quas copias proximis suppeditari aequius est, eas transferunt ad alienos,

id. Off. 1, 14: cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni, id. Am. 5, 19:

quasi ad alienos durius loquebatur,

Vulg. Gen. 42, 7:

a filiis suis an ab alienis?

ib. Matt. 17, 24:

cives potiores quam peregrini, propinqui quam alieni,

Cic. Lael. 5:

quod alieno testimonium redderem, in eo non fraudabo avum meum,

Vell. 2, 76.—

One not related to a person or thing:

in longinquos, in propinquos, in alienos, in suos irruebat,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76:

vel alienissimus rusticae vitae, naturae benignitatem miretur,

Col. 3, 21, 3.—

ălĭēnum, i, n., the property of a stranger:

Haec erunt vilici officia: alieno manum abstineant, etc.,

Cato, R. R. 5, 1:

alieno abstinuit,

Suet. Tit. 7:

ex alieno largiri,

Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 8; so,

de alieno largiri,

Just. 36, 3, 9:

alieni appetens, sui profugus,

Sall. C. 5; Liv. 5, 5:

in aliena aedificium exstruere,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74 (cf.:

in alieno solo aedificare,

Dig. 41, 1, 7).— Plur.,

The property of a stranger:

quid est aliud aliis sua eripere, aliis dare aliena?

Cic. Off. 2, 23; Liv. 30, 30: aliena pervadere, a foreign (in opp. to the Roman) province, Amm. 23, 1.—

The affairs or interests of strangers: Men. Chreme, tantumue ab re tuast oti tibi, aliena ut cures, ea, quae nihil ad te attinent. Chrem. Homo sum;

humani nihil a me alienum puto,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 23:

aliena ut melius videant quam sua,

id. ib. 3, 1, 95.—

Things strange, foreign, not belonging to the matter in hand:

Quod si hominibus bonarum rerum tanta cura esset, quanto studio aliena ac nihil profutura multumque etiam periculosa petunt, etc.,

Sall. J. 1, 5; hence, aliena loqui, to talk strangely, wildly, like a crazy person:

Quin etiam, sic me dicunt aliena locutum, Ut foret amenti nomen in ore tuum,

Ov. Tr. 3, 19:

interdum in accessione aegros desipere et aliena loqui,

Cels. 3, 18 (v. alieniloquium).

► Comp. rare, but sup. very freq.; no adv. in use.

* * *

mitto, mīsi, missum, 3 (contr. form, misti for misisti, Cat. 14, 14: archaic inf. pass. mittier, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 78), v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. math-, to set in motion], to cause to go, let go, send, to send off, despatch, etc.

In gen.: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

filium suum foras ad propinquum suum quendam mittit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

signa... quam plurima quam primumque mittas,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:

legatos de deditione ad eum miserunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

pabulatum mittebat,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

scitatum oracula,

Verg. A. 2, 114:

Delphos consultum,

Nep. Them. 2, 6:

missus sum, te ut requirerem,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 42:

ego huc missa sum ludere,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 48:

equitatum auxilio Caesari Aedui miserant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

alicui subsidium,

id. ib. 2, 6:

ad subsidium,

Hirt. Balb. Hisp. 9, 1:

misi, pro amicitiā, qui hoc diceret,

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

qui solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

mittite ambo hominem,

Gai. Inst. 4, 16.—With acc. and inf.:

Deiotarus legatos ad me misit, se cum omnibus copiis esse venturum,

sent me word that, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 5:

ad collegam mittit, opus esse exercitu,

Liv. 24, 19, 3:

Publilius duo milia militum recepta miserat,

id. 8, 23, 1:

Dexagoridas miserat ad legatum Romanum traditurum se urbem,

id. 34, 29, 9:

statim Athenas mittit se cum exercitu venturum,

Just. 5, 3, 7. Missum facere is also used for mittere, to send: ut cohortis ad me missum facias, Pompei. ap. [p. 1153] Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 2:

aliquem morti,

to put to death, despatch, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 34; so,

ad mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

in possessionem,

to put in possession, id. Quint. 26, 83:

aliquem ad cenam,

to invite one to dinner, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65: sub jugum mittere, to send or cause to go under the yoke, Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

sub jugo,

Liv. 3, 28 fin. —

In partic.

To send word, announce, tell, report any thing to any one:

ut mihi vadimonia dilata et Chresti conpilationem mitteres,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1:

Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur,

id. ib. 16, 9, 3:

mitti ad principes placuit, ut secernerent se ab Etruscis,

Liv. 6, 10, 2:

hodie Spintherem exspecto: misit enim Brutus ad me,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

salutem alicui,

to send greeting to, to greet one, Ov. Tr. 5, 13, 1:

ita existimes velim, me antelaturum fuisse, si ad me misisses, voluntatem tuam commodo meo,

i. e. if you had sent to me for aid, applied to me, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1.—

To send as a compliment, to dedicate to any one, of a book or poem:

liber Antiochi, qui ab eo ad Balbum missus est,

Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16:

hunc librum de Senectute ad te misimus,

id. Sen. 1, 3.—

To send, yield, produce, furnish, export any thing (as the product of a country):

India mittit ebur, molles sua tura Sabaei,

Verg. G. 1, 57:

(Padus) electra nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis,

Ov. M. 2, 366; cf.:

quos frigida misit Nursia,

Verg. A. 7, 715:

hordea, quae Libyci ratibus misere coloni,

Ov. Med. Fac. 53:

quas mittit dives Panchaia merces,

Tib. 3, 2, 23; Ov. A. A. 3, 213; id. Am. 1, 12, 10.—

To dismiss a thing from the mind:

maestumque timorem Mittite,

Verg. A. 1, 203:

mittere ac finire odium,

Liv. 40, 46:

leves spes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

missam iram facere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 14.—

To put an end to, end:

certamen,

Verg. A. 5, 286.—

Esp. in speaking, etc., to pass over, omit, to give over, cease, forbear (cf.:

praetermitto, praetereo, relinquo): quin tu istas mittis tricas?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 45:

mitto proelia, praetereo oppugnationes oppidorum,

omit, Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

maledicta omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 9.—With inf.:

jam scrutari mitto,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 24:

mitte male loqui,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 2:

cetera mitte loqui,

Hor. Epod. 13, 7:

illud dicere,

Cic. Quint. 27, 85:

quaerere,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:

mitto iam de rege quaerere,

id. Sull. 7, 22:

hoc exsequi mitto,

Quint. 5, 10, 18:

incommoda mortalium deflere,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 2.— With quod:

mitto, quod omnes meas tempestates subire paratissimus fueris,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12.—With de. mitto de amissā maximā parte exercitūs (sc. dicere), Cic. Pis. 20, 47:

verum, ut haec missa faciam, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 45, 132:

missos facere quaestus triennii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104.—

To let go, let loose, to quit, release, dismiss: mitte rudentem, sceleste, Tr. Mittam, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 77:

unde mittuntur equi, nunc dicuntur carceres,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.:

quadrijuges aequo carcere misit equos,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 66; Plaut. Poen. prol. 100:

mittin' me intro?

will you let me go in? id. Truc. 4, 2, 43:

cutem,

to let go, quit, Hor. A. P. 476:

mitte me,

let me alone, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 5:

nos missos face,

id. And. 5, 1, 14:

missum fieri,

to be let loose, set at liberty, Nep. Eum. 11: eum missum feci, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, G, 2:

nec locupletare amicos umquam suos destitit, mittere in negotium,

to set up in business, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4: sub titulum lares, to put a bill on one's house, i. e. to offer it for sale or to be let, Ov. R. Am. 302: in consilium, to let the judges go and consult, i. e. to send the judges to make out their verdict, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

sues in hostes,

to set upon, Lucr. 5, 1309: se in aliquem, to fall upon, assail, attack:

vota enim faceretis, ut in eos se potius mitteret, quam in vestras possessiones,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76 (B. and K. immitteret):

se in foedera,

to enter into, conclude, make, Verg. A. 12, 190:

missos faciant honores,

to let go, renounce, not trouble one's self about, Cic. Sest. 66, 138:

vos missos facio, et quantum potest, abesse ex Africā jubeo,

Hirt. B. Afr. 54:

missam facere legionem,

to dismiss, Suet. Caes. 69:

remotis, sive omnino missis lictoribus,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 3:

Lolliam Paulinam conjunxit sibi, brevique missam fecit,

put her away, Suet. Calig. 25; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 70.—

To let or bring out, to put forth, send out, emit: sanguinem incisā venā, to let blood, to bleed, Cels. 2, 10:

sanguinem alicui,

id. ib.; Petr. 91.— Trop.: mittere sanguinem provinciae, to bleed, i. e. drain, exhaust, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore,

id. ib. 1, 16, 11:

radices,

to put forth roots, to take root, Col. 3, 18:

folium,

to put forth leaves, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 58:

florem,

to blossom, bloom, id. 24, 9, 38, § 59:

membranas de corpore,

to throw off, shed, Lucr. 4, 57:

serpens horrenda sibila misit,

gave forth, emitted, Ov. M. 3, 38: mittere vocem, to utter a sound, raise one's voice, speak, say:

vocem pro me ac pro re publica nemo mittit,

speaks a word, Cic. Sest. 19, 42:

vocem liberam,

to speak with freedom, Liv. 35, 32:

flens diu vocem non misit,

id. 3, 50, 4:

adeo res miraculo fuit, ut unus ex barbaris miserit vocem, etc.,

Flor. 4, 10, 7:

repente vocem sancta misit Religio,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 4:

nec labra moves, cum mittere vocem debueras,

Juv. 13, 114:

haec Scipionis oratio ex ipsius ore Pompeii mitti videbatur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

Afranios sui timoris signa misisse,

have showed signs of fear, id. ib. 71:

signa,

Verg. G. 1, 229:

signum sanguinis,

to show signs of blood, look bloody, Lucr. 1, 882.—

To send, throw, hurl, cast, launch:

hastam,

Ov. M. 11, 8:

pila,

Caes. B. C. 3, 93:

lapides in aliquem,

to throw, Petr. 90:

fulmina,

to hurl, Hor. C. 1, 12, 59:

aliquid igni,

Val. Fl. 3, 313:

de ponte,

to cast, precipitate, Cat. 17, 23:

praecipitem aliquem ex arce,

Ov. M. 8, 250:

se saxo ab alto,

to cast one's self down, id. ib. 11, 340:

se in rapidas aquas,

id. Am. 3, 6, 80:

se in medium,

to plunge into the midst, Quint. 11, 1, 54. —Of nets:

retia misit,

Juv. 2, 148.—Of dice, to throw: talis enim jactatis, ut quisque canem, aut senionem miserat, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

talos in phimum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 17:

panem alicui,

to throw to, Phaedr. 1, 22, 3:

Alexandrum manum ad arma misisse,

laid his hand on his weapons, Sen. Ira, 2, 2:

pira in vasculo,

Pall. 3, 25, 11:

fert missos Vestae pura patella cibos,

Ov. F. 6, 310:

accidere in mensas ut rosa missa solet,

which one has let fall, id. ib. 5, 360.—

= pempein, to attend, guide, escort:

alias (animas) sub Tartara tristia mittit (Mercurius),

Verg. A. 4, 243; cf.:

sic denique victor Trinacriā fines Italos mittēre relictā,

id. ib. 3, 440.—Hence, P. a.: Missus, a, um; as subst.: Missus, i, m., he that is sent, the messenger or ambassador of God, i. e. Christ, Arn. 2, 73; Isid. 7, 2, 35.

mitto, mīsi, missum, 3 (contr. form, misti for misisti, Cat. 14, 14: archaic inf. pass. mittier, Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 78), v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. math-, to set in motion], to cause to go, let go, send, to send off, despatch, etc.

In gen.: ad Trojam cum misi ob defendendam Graeciam, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 13, 28 (Trag. v. 362 Vahl.):

filium suum foras ad propinquum suum quendam mittit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

signa... quam plurima quam primumque mittas,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:

legatos de deditione ad eum miserunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27:

pabulatum mittebat,

id. B. C. 1, 40:

scitatum oracula,

Verg. A. 2, 114:

Delphos consultum,

Nep. Them. 2, 6:

missus sum, te ut requirerem,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 42:

ego huc missa sum ludere,

Plaut. Cas. 3, 5, 48:

equitatum auxilio Caesari Aedui miserant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

alicui subsidium,

id. ib. 2, 6:

ad subsidium,

Hirt. Balb. Hisp. 9, 1:

misi, pro amicitiā, qui hoc diceret,

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12:

qui solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

mittite ambo hominem,

Gai. Inst. 4, 16.—With acc. and inf.:

Deiotarus legatos ad me misit, se cum omnibus copiis esse venturum,

sent me word that, Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 5:

ad collegam mittit, opus esse exercitu,

Liv. 24, 19, 3:

Publilius duo milia militum recepta miserat,

id. 8, 23, 1:

Dexagoridas miserat ad legatum Romanum traditurum se urbem,

id. 34, 29, 9:

statim Athenas mittit se cum exercitu venturum,

Just. 5, 3, 7. Missum facere is also used for mittere, to send: ut cohortis ad me missum facias, Pompei. ap. [p. 1153] Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 2:

aliquem morti,

to put to death, despatch, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 34; so,

ad mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

in possessionem,

to put in possession, id. Quint. 26, 83:

aliquem ad cenam,

to invite one to dinner, id. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 65: sub jugum mittere, to send or cause to go under the yoke, Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

sub jugo,

Liv. 3, 28 fin. —

In partic.

To send word, announce, tell, report any thing to any one:

ut mihi vadimonia dilata et Chresti conpilationem mitteres,

Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1:

Curio misi, ut medico honos haberetur,

id. ib. 16, 9, 3:

mitti ad principes placuit, ut secernerent se ab Etruscis,

Liv. 6, 10, 2:

hodie Spintherem exspecto: misit enim Brutus ad me,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

salutem alicui,

to send greeting to, to greet one, Ov. Tr. 5, 13, 1:

ita existimes velim, me antelaturum fuisse, si ad me misisses, voluntatem tuam commodo meo,

i. e. if you had sent to me for aid, applied to me, Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 1.—

To send as a compliment, to dedicate to any one, of a book or poem:

liber Antiochi, qui ab eo ad Balbum missus est,

Cic. N. D. 1, 7, 16:

hunc librum de Senectute ad te misimus,

id. Sen. 1, 3.—

To send, yield, produce, furnish, export any thing (as the product of a country):

India mittit ebur, molles sua tura Sabaei,

Verg. G. 1, 57:

(Padus) electra nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis,

Ov. M. 2, 366; cf.:

quos frigida misit Nursia,

Verg. A. 7, 715:

hordea, quae Libyci ratibus misere coloni,

Ov. Med. Fac. 53:

quas mittit dives Panchaia merces,

Tib. 3, 2, 23; Ov. A. A. 3, 213; id. Am. 1, 12, 10.—

To dismiss a thing from the mind:

maestumque timorem Mittite,

Verg. A. 1, 203:

mittere ac finire odium,

Liv. 40, 46:

leves spes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

missam iram facere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 14.—

To put an end to, end:

certamen,

Verg. A. 5, 286.—

Esp. in speaking, etc., to pass over, omit, to give over, cease, forbear (cf.:

praetermitto, praetereo, relinquo): quin tu istas mittis tricas?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 45:

mitto proelia, praetereo oppugnationes oppidorum,

omit, Cic. Mur. 15, 33:

maledicta omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 9.—With inf.:

jam scrutari mitto,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 24:

mitte male loqui,

Ter. And. 5, 3, 2:

cetera mitte loqui,

Hor. Epod. 13, 7:

illud dicere,

Cic. Quint. 27, 85:

quaerere,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 53:

mitto iam de rege quaerere,

id. Sull. 7, 22:

hoc exsequi mitto,

Quint. 5, 10, 18:

incommoda mortalium deflere,

Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 2.— With quod:

mitto, quod omnes meas tempestates subire paratissimus fueris,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12.—With de. mitto de amissā maximā parte exercitūs (sc. dicere), Cic. Pis. 20, 47:

verum, ut haec missa faciam, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 45, 132:

missos facere quaestus triennii,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104.—

To let go, let loose, to quit, release, dismiss: mitte rudentem, sceleste, Tr. Mittam, Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 77:

unde mittuntur equi, nunc dicuntur carceres,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.:

quadrijuges aequo carcere misit equos,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 66; Plaut. Poen. prol. 100:

mittin' me intro?

will you let me go in? id. Truc. 4, 2, 43:

cutem,

to let go, quit, Hor. A. P. 476:

mitte me,

let me alone, Ter. Ad. 5, 2, 5:

nos missos face,

id. And. 5, 1, 14:

missum fieri,

to be let loose, set at liberty, Nep. Eum. 11: eum missum feci, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, G, 2:

nec locupletare amicos umquam suos destitit, mittere in negotium,

to set up in business, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4: sub titulum lares, to put a bill on one's house, i. e. to offer it for sale or to be let, Ov. R. Am. 302: in consilium, to let the judges go and consult, i. e. to send the judges to make out their verdict, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 9, § 26:

sues in hostes,

to set upon, Lucr. 5, 1309: se in aliquem, to fall upon, assail, attack:

vota enim faceretis, ut in eos se potius mitteret, quam in vestras possessiones,

Cic. Mil. 28, 76 (B. and K. immitteret):

se in foedera,

to enter into, conclude, make, Verg. A. 12, 190:

missos faciant honores,

to let go, renounce, not trouble one's self about, Cic. Sest. 66, 138:

vos missos facio, et quantum potest, abesse ex Africā jubeo,

Hirt. B. Afr. 54:

missam facere legionem,

to dismiss, Suet. Caes. 69:

remotis, sive omnino missis lictoribus,

Cic. Att. 9, 1, 3:

Lolliam Paulinam conjunxit sibi, brevique missam fecit,

put her away, Suet. Calig. 25; Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 70.—

To let or bring out, to put forth, send out, emit: sanguinem incisā venā, to let blood, to bleed, Cels. 2, 10:

sanguinem alicui,

id. ib.; Petr. 91.— Trop.: mittere sanguinem provinciae, to bleed, i. e. drain, exhaust, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

missus est sanguis invidiae sine dolore,

id. ib. 1, 16, 11:

radices,

to put forth roots, to take root, Col. 3, 18:

folium,

to put forth leaves, Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 58:

florem,

to blossom, bloom, id. 24, 9, 38, § 59:

membranas de corpore,

to throw off, shed, Lucr. 4, 57:

serpens horrenda sibila misit,

gave forth, emitted, Ov. M. 3, 38: mittere vocem, to utter a sound, raise one's voice, speak, say:

vocem pro me ac pro re publica nemo mittit,

speaks a word, Cic. Sest. 19, 42:

vocem liberam,

to speak with freedom, Liv. 35, 32:

flens diu vocem non misit,

id. 3, 50, 4:

adeo res miraculo fuit, ut unus ex barbaris miserit vocem, etc.,

Flor. 4, 10, 7:

repente vocem sancta misit Religio,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 4:

nec labra moves, cum mittere vocem debueras,

Juv. 13, 114:

haec Scipionis oratio ex ipsius ore Pompeii mitti videbatur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

Afranios sui timoris signa misisse,

have showed signs of fear, id. ib. 71:

signa,

Verg. G. 1, 229:

signum sanguinis,

to show signs of blood, look bloody, Lucr. 1, 882.—

To send, throw, hurl, cast, launch:

hastam,

Ov. M. 11, 8:

pila,

Caes. B. C. 3, 93:

lapides in aliquem,

to throw, Petr. 90:

fulmina,

to hurl, Hor. C. 1, 12, 59:

aliquid igni,

Val. Fl. 3, 313:

de ponte,

to cast, precipitate, Cat. 17, 23:

praecipitem aliquem ex arce,

Ov. M. 8, 250:

se saxo ab alto,

to cast one's self down, id. ib. 11, 340:

se in rapidas aquas,

id. Am. 3, 6, 80:

se in medium,

to plunge into the midst, Quint. 11, 1, 54. —Of nets:

retia misit,

Juv. 2, 148.—Of dice, to throw: talis enim jactatis, ut quisque canem, aut senionem miserat, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 71:

talos in phimum,

Hor. S. 2, 7, 17:

panem alicui,

to throw to, Phaedr. 1, 22, 3:

Alexandrum manum ad arma misisse,

laid his hand on his weapons, Sen. Ira, 2, 2:

pira in vasculo,

Pall. 3, 25, 11:

fert missos Vestae pura patella cibos,

Ov. F. 6, 310:

accidere in mensas ut rosa missa solet,

which one has let fall, id. ib. 5, 360.—

= pempein, to attend, guide, escort:

alias (animas) sub Tartara tristia mittit (Mercurius),

Verg. A. 4, 243; cf.:

sic denique victor Trinacriā fines Italos mittēre relictā,

id. ib. 3, 440.—Hence, P. a.: Missus, a, um; as subst.: Missus, i, m., he that is sent, the messenger or ambassador of God, i. e. Christ, Arn. 2, 73; Isid. 7, 2, 35.

ex-ĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ago], to drive out or forth, to thrust out, to take or turn out.

Lit.

In gen.:

reges ex civitate,

to expel, Cic. de Or. 2, 48, 199:

hostem e campo,

Liv. 3, 61, 8: exigor patria, Naev. ap. Non. 291, 4:

aliquem domo,

Liv. 39, 11, 2:

aliquem campo,

id. 37, 41, 12:

omnes foras,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 1, 7:

adcolas ultra famam,

Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 175:

exacti reges,

driven away, Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 37; cf.:

Tarquinio exacto,

id. Rep. 1, 40:

anno post Tarquinios exactos,

Tac. A. 11, 22:

Orestes exactus furiis,

driven, tormented, Ov. Tr. 4, 4, 70:

virum a se,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 62:

uxorem,

to put away, divorce, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 45; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Claud. 26; cf.: illam suam (uxorem) suas res sibi habere jussit ex duodecim tabulis; claves ademit;

exegit,

turned her out of the house, Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69: aliquem vitā, i. e. to kill, Sen. de Ira, 1, 6: corpus e stratis, to raise up or out, Sil. 16, 234:

maculam,

to take out, Suet. Aug. 94: et sacer admissas exigit Hebrus aquas, pours out into the sea, Ov. H. 2, 114; of weapons, to thrust from one, thrust, drive:

non circumspectis exactum viribus ensem Fregit,

thrust, impelled, Ov. M. 5, 171; so,

ensem,

Luc. 8, 656; cf.:

ensem per medium juvenem,

plunges through the middle, Verg. A. 10, 815:

gladium per viscera,

Flor. 4, 2, 68:

tela in aliquem,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 16;

hence: aliquem hastā,

i. e. to thrust through, transfix, Val. Fl. 6, 572.—Mid.:

quae (hasta) cervice exacta est,

passed out, passed through, Ov. M. 5, 138: prope sub conatu adversarii manus exigenda, to be put forth, raised (for a blow), Quint. 6, 4, 8 Spald.:

(capellas) a grege in campos, hircos in caprilia,

to drive out, Varr. R. R. 2, 3, 8:

sues pastum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 6:

radices altius,

to send out, Cels. 5, 28, 14; cf.:

vitis uvas,

Col. 3, 2, 10; 3, 6, 2; Cels. 8, 1 med. —

In partic.

A scenic t. t., to drive off, i. e. hiss off a piece or a player from the stage (rare):

spectandae (fabulae) an exigendae sint vobis prius,

Ter. And. prol. 27 Ruhnk.; so, fabulas, id. Hec. prol. alt. 4; id. ib. 7.—

To demand, require, enforce, exact payment of a debt, taxes, etc., or the performance of any other duty (very freq.;

syn.: posco, postulo, flagito, contendo, etc.): ad eas pecunias exigendas legatos misimus,

Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1: pecunias a civitatibus, id. Div. ap. Caecil. 10, 33:

acerbissime pecunias imperatas,

Caes. B. C. 3, 32; cf. id. ib. 1, 6 fin.; Cic. Pis. 16, 38; id. N. D. 3, 34, 84:

quaternos denarios,

id. Font. 5, 9:

tributa,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 3:

pensionem,

id. ib. 6, 18, 5:

nomina sua,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 28:

mercedem,

id. Lael. 21, 80 et saep.:

equitum peditumque certum numerum a civitatibus Siciliae,

Caes. B. C. 1, 30, 4:

obsides ab Apolloniatibus,

id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

viam,

to demand the construction of a road, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; Liv. 42, 3, 7:

a quoquam ne pejeret,

Juv. 13, 36.—Esp.: rationem, to exact an account:

ut Athenienses rationibus exigendis non vacarent,

Val. Max. 3, 1, ext. 1; Plin. Ep. 10, 81, 1:

libertorum nomina a quibus ratio exigi posset,

Suet. Aug. 101 fin. —

In pass.: exigor aliquid, to be solicited, dunned for money, etc. (post-class.): exigor portorium, id est, exigitur de me portorium, Caecil. ap. Gell. 15, 14, 5; id. ap. Non. 106, 24: (Rib. Com. Fragm. p. 51): sese pecunias maximas exactos esse, Q. Metell. Numid. ap. Gell. 15, 14, 2; Dig. 23, 4, 32.—

To examine, inquire into (post-Aug.):

nec illae (conjuges) numerare aut exigere plagas pavent,

Tac. G. 7 fin. (so Ritter, Halm, with all MSS., cf. Holzmann ad loc.; al. exugere, said to have been the read. of a lost codex, the Arundelianus; cf. exsugo); cf.:

exactum et a Titidio Labeone, cur omisisset, etc.,

id. A. 2, 85.—

Of places, to go or pass beyond, to pass by, leave behind ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

cum primus equis exegit anhelis Phoebus Athon,

Val. Fl. 2, 75; cf. Prop. 3, 20, 11 (4, 20, 3 M.):

Troglodytae hibernum mare exigunt circa brumam,

Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 87.—

In mercant. lang., to dispose of, sell:

agrorum exigere fructus,

Liv. 34, 9, 9 Drak.: mercibus exactis, Col. poët. 10, 317. —

Mathemat. t. t., to apply to a standard or measure, i. e. to examine, try, measure, weigh by any thing:

ad perpendiculum columnas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 51, § 133:

materiam ad regulam et libellam,

Plin. 36, 25, 63, § 188:

pondus margaritarum sua manu,

Suet. Caes. 47; cf.:

aliquid mensura,

Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 159.

Trop.

In gen., to drive out, expel (very rare):

locus, Ubi labore lassitudo exigunda ex corpore,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 4: frigus atque horrorem vestimentis, Lucil. ap. Non. 291, 8.—Far more freq. and class.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To require, demand, claim any thing due:

ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris, neque exigam, nisi tuo commodo,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17:

aliquid exigere magis quam rogare,

id. Fam. 2, 6, 1:

longiores litteras exspectabo vel potius exigam,

id. ib. 15, 16, 1:

omnibus ex rebus voluptatem quasi mercedem,

id. Fin. 2, 22, 73:

ab hoc acerbius exegit natura quod dederat,

demanded back, reclaimed, id. Tusc. 1, 39, 93 Klotz.:

non ut a poëta, sed ut a teste veritatem exigunt,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

has toties optata exegit gloria poenas,

has cost, Juv. 10, 187:

poenas,

to take vengeance, id. 10, 84:

de vulnere poenas,

Ov. M. 14, 478: poenam (alicui), Sen. de Ira, 2, 22 fin.; Ov. F. 4, 230:

gravia piacula ab aliquo,

Liv. 29, 18, 18 et saep.—With ut:

exigerem ex te cogeremque, ut responderes,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 119; 4, 28, 80; cf.:

Calypso exigit fata ducis,

questions, inquires into, Ov. A. A. 2, 130:

exactum a marito, cur, etc.,

Tac. A. 2, 85:

exigite ut mores seu pollice ducat,

Juv. 7, 237 sq. —With an object-clause:

exigimus potuisse eum eo tempore testamentum facere,

Dig. 29, 7, 8; 24, 3, 2.— Absol.:

in exigendo non acerbum,

Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64:

cum res exiget,

Quint. 5, 11, 5; 10, 3, 3; cf.:

ut res exiget,

id. 12, 10, 69:

si communis utilitas exegerit,

id. 12, 1, 37.— Esp.: rationem, to require an account:

rerum gestarum,

Just. 19, 2, 6:

numquid rationem exiges, cum tibi aliquis hos dixerit versus?

an explanation, Sen. Ep. 94, 28; Plin. Ep. 19, 9.—

Of time, life, etc., to lead, spend, pass, complete, finish:

non novisse quicum aetatem exegerim,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 111; id. Capt. 3, 5, 62:

tecum aetatem,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 48; 4, 6, 60; id. Cas. 2, 5, 12:

ut te dignam mala malam aetatem exigas,

id. Aul. 1, 1, 4: vitam taetre, Cat. Or. inc. 15; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 39:

cum maerore graviorem vitam,

Sall. J. 14, 15; 85, 49; Plin. 7, 44, 45, § 139; Vitr. 2, 1, 4; Val. Max. 3, 5, 4 al.:

vitae tempus,

Sen. Ep. 2, 2; Val. Max. 3, 3, ext. 6:

jam ad pariendum temporibus exactis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48: qui exacta aetate moriuntur, at the close of the vigorous period of life, Cic. Tusc. 1, 39, 93; id. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 21; Sall. J. 6, 2; Liv. 2, 40, 11 al.:

mediam dies exegerat horam,

Ov. Am. 1, 5, 1:

aevum,

Lucr. 4, 1235; Verg. A. 7, 777; Ov. M. 12, 209:

tristissimam noctem,

Petr. 115:

diem supremum noctemque,

Tac. A. 3, 16:

ullum tempus jucundius,

Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 1:

jam aestatem exactam esse,

Sall. J. 61, 1:

per exactos annos,

at the end of every year, Hor. C. 3, 22, 6:

exacto per scelera die,

Tac. H. 1, 47; id. A. 3, 16; so,

exacto quadriennio,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 130; Verg. G. 3, 190; Stat. S. 2, 2, 47.—

To conduct, urge forward, superintend, drive:

opus,

Ov. M. 14, 218; Col. 3, 13, 11.—

To bring to an end, to conclude, finish, complete a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

exegi monumentum aere perennius,

Hor. C. 3, 30, 1:

opus,

Ov. R. Am. 811; id. M. 15, 871:

exactus tenui pumice versus eat,

Prop. 3, 1, 8; Verg. A. 6, 637:

commentarii ita sunt exacti, ut, etc.,

Quint. 10, 7, 30:

eandem gracilitatem stilo exigere condiscant,

to reach, attain to, id. 1, 9, 2.—

To determine, ascertain, find out:

sociisque exacta referre,

his discoveries, Verg. A. 1, 309:

non prius exacta tenui ratione saporum,

before he has ascertained, Hor. S. 2, 4, 36.— Pass. impers.:

non tamen exactum, quid agat,

Ov. F. 3, 637; cf. id. Am, 3, 7, 16. —

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To weigh, try, prove, measure, examine, adjust, estimate, consider, = examinare, ponderare (class. but perh. not in Cic.): si ad illam summam veritatem legitimum jus exegeris, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6, 1; cf.: nolite ad vestras leges atque instituta exigere ea, quae Lacedaemone fiunt, to estimate by the standard of, etc., Liv. 34, 31, 17; so,

opus ad vires suas,

Ov. A. A. 2, 502:

si omnia argumenta ad obrussam coeperimus exigere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 5, 1; cf.:

principatus tuus ad obrussam exigitur,

id. de Clem. 1, 1, 6:

se ad aliquem,

id. Ep. 11 fin.:

regulam emendate loquendi,

Quint. 1, 5, 2:

illa non nisi aure exiguntur, quae fiunt per sonos,

are judged of, id. 1, 5, 19; cf. id. 1, 4, 7.—

To treat, consult, deliberate respecting something, = considerare, deliberare (class. but not in Cic.): de his rebus ut exigeret cum eo, Furnio mandavi, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 7:

cum aliquo,

Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 3; cf.:

secum aliquid,

Verg. A. 4, 476; Ov. M. 10, 587; Sen. Ep. 27:

de aliqua re coram,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 13:

haec exigentes hostes oppressere,

Liv. 22, 49, 12:

quid dicendum, quid tacendum, quid differendum sit, exigere consilii est,

Quint. 6, 5, 5.—

To endure, undergo:

aerumnam,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 4, 12. —Hence, exactus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B. 5., measured; hence), precise, accurate, exact (poet and in post-Aug. prose):

difficile est, quot ceciderint, exacto affirmare numero,

Liv. 3, 5, 12:

acies falcis,

Plin. 17, 27, 42, § 251:

fides,

Ov. Pont. 4, 9, 46.— Comp.:

cura,

Suet. Tib. 18; Mart. 4, 87, 4. — Sup.:

diligentia,

Front. Aquaed. 89:

vir,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 5.—With gen.:

Mamurius, morum fabraene exactior artis, Difficile est dicere,

Ov. F. 3, 383.— Adv.: exacte, exactly, precisely, accurately:

ut exacte perorantibus mos est,

Sid. Ep. 7, 9.— Comp.: dicere, disserere, Mel. Prooem. § 2; Gell. 1, 3, 21.— Sup.:

pascere,

Sid. Ep. 5, 11.

mī̆gro, āvi, ātum, 1 (migrassit for migraverit, Cic. Leg. 3, 4, 11), v. n. and a. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root mā, exchange; also meo].

Neutr., to remove from one place to another, to depart, flit, migrate (class.).

Lit.:

migrare e fano foras,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 1:

ex urbe tu rus habitatum migres?

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 13:

ad integra omnia,

Liv. 5, 53:

ad generum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89:

in tabernas,

Hor. A. P. 229:

Veios,

Liv. 5, 53:

Alexandriam vel Ilium,

Suet. Caes. 79:

finibus,

Plin. 6, 17, 21, § 59: Verres domo ejus emigrat atque adeo exit: nam jam ante migrārat, he quits his house (leaves it himself without taking any thing with him); for he had already removed (had taken away his furniture), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 36, § 89:

consilium migrandi a Tarquiniis cepit,

Liv. 1, 34, 5:

itaque non solum inquilini, sed etiam mures migraverunt,

Cic. Att. 14, 9, 1: cum tota Karthagine migra, be off! Juv. 6, 171.— Impers. pass.:

in alium quendam locum ex his locis morte migretur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

Romam inde frequenter migratum est a propinquis,

Liv. 1, 11, 4.—

Trop., to go away, depart, to pass over, change, turn:

scio ipse quid agam, neque mens officio migrat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 13:

mea ut migrare dicta possint, quo volo,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 54:

ex hac vitā,

Cic. Rep. 6, 9, 9; cf. id. ib. 6, 15, 15:

de vitā,

i. e. to die, id. Fin. 1, 19, 62:

equitis migravit ab aure voluptas ad oculos,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 187:

haec medicina migrabat in Graeciae linguas,

Plin. 25, 2, 6, § 16:

omnia migrant, Omnia commutat natura,

change, Lucr. 5, 831:

caerula quae sunt Numquam in marmoreum possunt migrare colorem,

id. 2, 774:

in varias migrare figuras,

Ov. M. 15, 172:

cornua in mucronem migrantia,

running out into, ending in, Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

ad aliud matrimonium,

Dig. 24, 2, 6.—

To carry away, transport, transfer (rare):

cassita nidum migravit,

Gell. 2, 29, 16:

relicta quae migratu difficilia essent,

Liv. 10, 34:

num migrantur Rhoeteia regna In Libyam Superis?

are transferred, Sil. 7, 431.—

To transgress, break, violate, opp. to servare:

jus civile migrare (opp. conservare),

Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 67:

ea migrare et non servare,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31.

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

dŏmus, ūs and i, 2d and 4th decl., f. [Sanscr. damas, house; Gr. root dem-ô, to build, whence domos, des-potês for demspotês; cf. Germ. Zimmer; Eng. timber, etc.], a house, home (for syn. cf. aedes, casa, domicilium, habitatio; mansio, sedes, tectum, tugurium; aedificium, moles). —Forms of the cases.

Nom.:

domus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 206; id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6 al.; Ter. And. 5, 3, 20; id. Eun. 5, 9, 8 al.; Cic. Lael. 27, 103; id. Rep. 1, 43; 3, 9 et saep.—

Gen., in the comic poets only the ante-class. form domi:

haud quod tui me neque domi distaedeat,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 5:

commeminit domi,

id. Trin. 4, 3, 20; cf.:

domi focique fac vicissim ut memineris,

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 45:

domi cupio (i.q. cupidus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 22; acc. to Don. Ter. l. l.: decora domi, Caecil. ap. Don. l. l.: conviva domi, Afran. ap. Non. 337, 23. But since Varro (except as infra, 2.):

domūs,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 162 Müll. (twice); Cat. 64, 246; Verg. G. 4, 209; id. A. 1, 356; 4, 318; 645; 6, 27; 53; 81; Hor. C. 4, 12, 6; id. S. 2, 5, 108; Ov. M. 2, 737; Stat. S. 5, 2, 77; Suet. Caes. 81 et saep. The uncontr. form domuis, Varr. ap. Non. 491, 22; and Nigidius, acc. to Gell. 4, 16, 1; the form domos, used by Augustus exclusively, acc. to Suet. Aug. 87 (or domuos, acc. to Ritschl; v. Neue Formenl. 1, 362; cf. SENATVOS from senatus in the S. C. de Bacan.).—

Dat.:

domo,

Cato R. R. 134, 2; 139; 141, 2; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 13 (ex conj. Lachm.; also Lucr. 5, 1267);

much more freq. domui,

Caes. B. C. 3, 112, 8; Quint. 1, 10, 32; 7, 1, 53 Spald. and Zumpt N. cr.; Tac. H. 4, 68; Ov. M. 4, 66; id. Tr. 1, 2, 101; 3, 12, 50; id. Pont. 1, 2, 108; 3, 1, 75.—

Acc.:

domum,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 54; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 90; Cic. Rep. 1, 39; 2, 5; 6, 19; 23; 26 et saep.—Apoc. form do = dô (for dôma): endo suam do, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 436 P.; and ap. Aus. Idyll. 12, 18 (Ann. v. 563 ed. Vahl.).—

Voc.: domus, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139; id. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 102; 3, 58, 217; Nov. ap. Non. 510; Verg. A. 2, 241.—

Abl., usually domo, Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 27; id. Curc. 1, 3, 53 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18; Cic. Rep. 2, 4; id. Off. 1, 39, 139 (four times) et saep.:

domu,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 48; Cic. Phil. 2, 18, 45; id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128; Inscr. Grut. 599, 8; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 5.—

Nom., only domus, Verg. G. 4, 481; Liv. 3, 32, 2; 42, 1, 10; Suet. Ner. 38.—

Gen.: domorum ( poet.), Lucr. 1, 354; 489 saep.; Verg. G. 4, 159; id. A. 2, 445;

usually domuum,

Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88; 8, 57, 82, § 221; Tac. A. 3, 24; 6, 45; Juv. 3, 72; Sen. Ep. 122, 9; Dig. 33, 2, 32, § 2 et saep.—

Dat. and abl., only domibus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 160 Müll.; Caes. B. G. 6, 11, 2; id. B. C. 3, 42 fin.; Quint. 9, 4, 4; Tac. A. 3, 6; id. H. 1, 4; id. G. 46; Verg. G. 2, 443; Hor. C. 1, 22, 22; id. S. 2, 6, 71 et saep.—

Acc. usually domos, Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19; Lucr. 1, 18; 6, 241; Cic. Rep. 1, 13 (twice); Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 3; id. B. C. 3, 82, 4; Sall. C. 12, 3 and 4; Verg. G. 1, 182 et saep. The MSS. often vary between domos and domus; cf. Beier Cic. Off. 2, 18, 64; Drak. Liv. 3, 29, 5; Oud. Suet. Claud. 25; so Verg. A. 1, 140; id. G 4, 446 al. The form domus is certain, Att. ap. Gell. 14, 1, 34; Quadrig. ib. 17, 2, 5; so Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 7; Liv. 45, 1, 10.—

Adverbial forms.

Domi (also domui in good MSS. of Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Mil. 7, 16; id. Att. 12, 25, 1; id. Off. 3, 26, 99; and Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41; 4, 54, 67;

v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 540),

at home, in the house, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 12 et saep; Ter. And. 3, 2, 34 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 1, 2; id. Rep. 1, 13; id. Fin. 5, 15, 42 et saep.; Verg. E. 3, 33; Hor. S. 1, 1, 67; id. Ep. 1, 5, 3 et saep.; cf.

opp. foris,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 33; id. Merc. 3, 4, 2 (twice); Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 26; Sall. C. 52, 21 et saep.:

meae domi,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 18; id. Most. 1, 3, 34; id. Mil. 2, 2, 3; Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 15; and in the order domi meae, Cato ap. Charis. p. 101 P.; Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 36; [p. 610] Cic. Fam. 10, 25 fin.:

tuae domi,

id. ib. 4, 7, 4:

suae domi,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 43;

and in the order domi suae,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 50; Cic. Mil. 7; id. Caecin. 4, 10; Quint. 1, 1, 22 al.:

nostrae domi,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 9; id. Poen. 4, 2, 16; Cic. Tusc. 5, 39;

and in the order domi nostrae,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 2:

alienae domi,

id. Tusc. 1, 22, 51; id. Fam. 4, 7, 4; id. Dom. 40, 105:

domi Caesaris,

id. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 7, 3 Orell. N. cr.:

istius domi (educatus),

id. Quint. 5, 21; cf.:

domi illius (fuisti),

id. Div. in Caecil. 18, 58; id. Cluent. 60, 165:

cujus domi fueras,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 42: id. Phil. 2, 14, 35; 2, 19, 48; id. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Domum, home, homewards, to the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 40 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 5, 20 et saep.; Cic. Lael. 3, 12; id. Verr. 1, 9, 25; id. Ac. 1, 3 et saep.; Verg. E. 1, 36; 10, 77 et saep.:

domum meam,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; id. Fam. 9, 19:

domum suam,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 31; Cic. Rep. 1, 14; 2, 9; id. Rosc. Am. 18 fin.; Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 4 al.:

domum regiam (comportant),

Sall. J. 76 fin.:

Pomponii domum (venisse),

Cic. Off. 3, 31, 112:

domum Roscii,

id. Rosc. Com. 9, 26:

cujusdam hominis nobilis domum,

id. Or. in Toga Cand. p. 521 ed. Orell.:

domum reditio,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5:

domum concursus,

id. B. C. 1, 53.—When more persons than one are spoken of, the plur. is freq. used:

domos,

Liv. 3, 5; 27, 51; 28, 2; Curt. 9, 8, 1 al.:

domos nostras,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 19:

domos suas,

Sall. J. 66, 3; and: suas domos, Liv 2, 7; but the sing. also:

Suebi domum reverti coeperunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 54.—Sometimes also with in and acc.:

rex in domum se recepit,

Liv. 44, 45:

in domos atque in tecta refugere,

id. 26, 10:

cur non introeo in nostram domum?

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 253; id. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

venisse in M. Laecae domum,

Cic. Cat. 1, 4; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 2; and Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Domo.

From home, out of the house, Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 4; id. Stich. 1, 1, 29; id. Trin. 4, 3, 3; id. Mil. 4, 2, 7 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 19; id. Phorm. 4, 1, 20; Cic. Rep. 1, 12; id. Fl. 6, 14; id. Or. 26, 89 et saep.—

For domi, at home, in the house (rare):

domo sibi quaerere remedium,

Cic. Clu. 9, 27:

haec ubi domo nascuntur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 2:

domo se tenere,

Nep. Epam. 10, 3:

domo abditus,

Suet. Caes. 20 tabulae domo asservantur, App. Apol. p. 541.—With in:

in domo furtum factum ab eo, qui domi fuit,

Quint. 5, 10, 16:

rem quam e villa mea surripuit, in domo mea ponat,

Sen. Const. Sap. 7 med.:

in domo sua facere mysteria,

Nep. Alcib. 3 fin.:

quid illuc clamoris obsecro in nostra domo est?

Plaut. Cas. 3, 4, 29; id. Ps. 1, 1, 82; Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 26:

educatus in domo Pericli,

Nep. Alcib. 2; so,

in domo ejus,

id. Lys. 3, 5; Tac. A. 4, 21.—

In colloq. lang.: domi habere aliquid, to have a thing at home, i. e. to have it about one, to have in abundance, to be provided with it, to have or know it one's self:

domi habet animum falsiloquum... Domi dolos, domi delenifica facta, domi fallacias,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 36 sq.:

domi habuit unde disceret,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 59 Ruhnk. In a like sense:

id quidem domi est,

Cic. Att. 10, 14, 2; cf. Plaut. Truc. 2, 5, 4: sed quid ego nunc haec ad te, cujus domi nascuntur? glauk eis Athênas, Cic. Fam. 9, 3 fin. —

Poet. transf., any sort of building or abode. So of the labyrinth, Verg. A. 6, 27;

of a sacred grotto,

id. ib. 6, 81;

of the abode of the gods,

id. ib. 10, 1; 101; Ov. M. 4, 736; 6, 269 al.;

of the winds,

Verg. G. 1, 371; Ov. M. 1, 279;

of animals,

Verg. G. 2, 209; id. A. 5, 214; Stat. Th. 1, 367;

of birds,

Verg. A. 8, 235;

of Danaë's prison,

Prop. 2, 20, 12 (3, 13, 12 M.);

of the tomb: marmorea,

Tib. 3, 2, 22;

the same, DOMVS AETERNA,

Inscr. Orell. 1174; 4525 sq.:

AETERNALIS,

ib. 4518 (cf. in Heb. for the grave, Eccl. 12, 5); and:

CERTA,

ib. 4850;

of the body, as the dwelling of the soul,

Ov. M. 15, 159; 458 et saep.

Meton.

In a wider sense, one's native place, country, home. M. Su. Siculus sum Syracusanus. M. So. Ea domus et patria est mihi, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 10;

so (with patria),

id. Merc. 3, 4, 68; Verg. A. 7, 122; also with patria as an adjective, Plaut. Merc. 5, 1, 2; Ov. M. 11, 269; cf. also Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 41; Verg. A. 5, 638; Ov. M. 13, 227 al.: domi aetatem agere, opp. patriă procul, Enn. ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 6; cf. Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 75; id. Capt. 2, 1, 3; id. Poen. 5, 2, 6; Caes. B. G. 1, 18, 6; 1, 20, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 17; id. Q. Fr. 2, 14 fin.; Sall. C. 17, 4; id. J. 8, 1 et saep.:

legiones reveniunt domum,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 33; so id. ib. 52; Cic. Fam. 7, 5; Caes. B. C. 1, 34, 3; Liv. 23, 20 al.:

ut (Galli) domo emigrent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31, 14:

qui genus? unde domo?

Verg. A. 8, 114; 10, 183.—Hence, the phrases belli domique, and domi militiaeque, in war and peace, v. bellum and militia;

and cf.: noster populus in pace et domi imperat... in bello sic paret, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 40.—

A household, family, race (cf. the Gr. oikos, and the Heb., v. Gesen. Lex. s. h. v. 7):

domus te nostra tota salutat,

Cic. Att. 4, 12; id. Fam. 13, 46; Liv. 3, 32; Quint. 7, 1, 53 (twice); Tac. A. 3, 55; id. Agr. 19; Suet. Aug. 25; Verg. A. 1, 284; 3, 97:

tota domus duo sunt,

Ov. M. 8, 636; id. F. 4, 544; Hor. C. 1, 6, 8; 3, 6, 26; Vulg. Matt. 10, 6 et saep.—Hence,

In philos lang., a philosophical school, sect, Cic. Ac. 1, 4; Sen. Ep. 29 fin.; id. Ben. 5, 15.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

līber, ĕra, ĕrum (old form, loebesum et loebertatem antiqui dicebant liberum et libertatem. Ita Graeci loibên et leibein, Paul. ex Fest. p. 121 Müll.; cf. 2. Liber), adj. [Gr. root liph-, liptô, to desire; cf. Sanscr. lub-dhas, desirous; Lat. libet, libido], that acts according to his own will and pleasure, is his own master; free, unrestricted, unrestrained, unimpeded, unshackled; independent, frank, open, bold (opp. servus, servilis).

In gen.; constr. absol., with ab, the abl., and poet. also with gen.

Absol.:

dictum est ab eruditissimis viris, nisi sapientem liberum esse neminem. Quid est enim libertas? Potestas vivendi ut velis,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 33:

an ille mihi liber, cui mulier imperat, cui leges imponit, praescribit, jubet, vetat? etc.,

id. ib. 5, 2, 36:

ad scribendi licentiam liber,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 123:

agri immunes ac liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 166:

integro animo ac libero causam defendere,

unprejudiced, unbiased, id. Sull. 31, 86:

liberi ad causas solutique veniebant,

not under obligations, not bribed, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78 § 192; cf.:

libera lingua,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 9:

cor liberum,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 43:

vocem liberam mittere adversus aliquem,

Liv. 35, 32, 6:

libera verba animi proferre,

Juv. 4, 90: judicium [p. 1057] audientium relinquere integrum ac liberum, Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150:

aliquid respuere ingenuo liberoque fastidio,

id. Brut. 67, 236:

libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

tibi uni vexatio direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera,

id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

pars quaestionum vaga et libera et late patens,

id. de Or. 2, 16, 67:

liberum arbitrium eis populo Romano permittente,

Liv. 31, 11 fin.; cf. id. 37, 1, 5:

mandata,

full powers, unlimited authority, id. 37, 56; 38, 8:

fenus,

unlimited, id. 35, 7: custodia, free custody (i. e. confinement to a house or to a town), id. 24, 45; Vell. 1, 11, 1;

v. custodia, II.: legatio, v. legatio: suffragia,

the right of voting freely, Juv. 8, 211:

locus,

free from intruders, undisturbed, secure, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 49; 3, 2, 25; id. Cas. 3, 2, 4: aedes, a free house, free dwelling (assigned to the use of ambassadors of friendly nations during their stay in Rome), Liv. 30, 17 fin.; 35, 23; 42, 6:

lectulus,

i. e. not shared with a wife, Cic. Att. 14, 13, 5: toga ( poet. for virilis toga), a man's (prop. of one who is his own master), Ov. F. 3, 771:

vestis,

id. ib. 3, 777:

libera omnia sibi servare,

to reserve to one's self full liberty, Plin. Ep. 1, 5.— Comp.:

hoc liberiores et solutiores sumus, quod, etc.,

Cic. Ac. 2, 3, 8:

est finitimus oratori poëta, numeris astrictior paulo, verborum licentia liberior,

id. de Or. 1, 16, 70:

liberiores litterae,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

amicitia remissior esse debet et liberior et dulcior,

freer, more unrestrained, more cheerful, id. Lael. 18 fin.:

paulo liberior sententia,

Quint. 4, 2, 121:

liberior in utramque partem disputatio,

id. 7, 2, 14:

fusiores liberioresque numeri,

id. 9, 4, 130:

officia liberiora plenioraque,

id. 6, 1, 9:

(flumina) campo recepta Liberioris aquae,

freer, less impeded, Ov. M. 1, 41; cf.:

(Tiberinus) campo liberiore natat,

freer, opener, id. F. 4, 292:

liberiore frui caelo,

freer, opener, id. M. 15, 301.— Sup.:

liberrimum hominum genus, comici veteres tradunt, etc.,

the frankest, most free-spoken, Quint. 12, 2, 22; cf.:

liberrime Lolli,

most frank, most ingenuous, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 1:

indignatio,

id. Epod. 4, 10.—

Free or exempt from, void of; with ab:

Mamertini vacui, expertes, soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23; cf.:

(consul) solutus a cupiditatibus, liber a delictis,

id. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

ab observando homine perverso liber,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

liber a tali irrisione Socrates, liber Aristo Chius,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 123:

ab omni animi perturbatione liber,

id. Off. 1, 20, 67; id. N. D. 2, 21, 55:

loca abdita et ab arbitris libera,

id. Att. 15, 16, B:

libera a ferro crura,

Ov. P. 1, 6, 32:

animus liber a partibus rei publicae,

Sall. C. 4.—

With abl.:

animus omni liber curā et angore,

free from, without, Cic. Fin. 1, 15:

animus religione,

Liv. 2, 36:

animus cogitationibus aliis,

Quint. 11, 2, 35:

mens omnibus vitiis,

id. 12, 1, 4; cf.:

liberis odio et gratia mentibus,

id. 5, 11, 37:

omni liber metu,

Liv. 7, 34:

liber invidia,

Quint. 12, 11, 7:

equus carcere,

Ov. Am. 2, 9, 20.—

With gen. ( poet.):

liber laborum,

Hor. A. P. 212:

fati gens Lydia,

Verg. A. 10, 154:

curarum,

Luc. 4, 384. — Comp.:

liberior campi,

having a wider space, Stat. S. 4, 2, 24.—

Liberum est, with subject-clause:

quam (opinionem) sequi magis probantibus liberum est,

it is free, permitted, allowable, Quint. 6, 3, 112; Plin. Ep. 1, 8:

dies eligere certos liberum erat,

Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 16.—So in abl. absol.:

libero, quid firmaret mutaretve,

Tac. A. 3, 60.

In partic.

Free, in a social point of view, not a slave (opp. servus;

also to ingenuus): neque vendendam censes quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf. id. ib. v. 28:

dis habeo gratiam quom aliquot affuerunt liberae, because slaves were not permitted to testify,

id. And. 4, 4, 32; opp. ingenuus, free-born:

quid ea? ingenuan' an festucā facta e servā liberast?

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 14:

in jure civili, qui est matre liberā, liber est,

Cic. N. D. 3, 18, 45; id. Caecin. 36, 96:

si neque censu, neque vindictā, nec testamento liber factus est (servus), non est liber,

id. Top. 2, 10:

quae (assentatio) non modo amico, sed ne libero quidem digna est,

of a freeman, id. Lael. 24, 89; Quint. 11, 1, 43:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini,

Gai. Inst. 1, 10; cf. sqq.: ex ancilla et libero jure gentium servus nascitur, id. ib. 1, 82; cf. § 85; Paul. Sent. 2, 24, 1 sqq.—

Free, in a political point of view;

said both of a people not under monarchical rule and of one not in subjection to another people,

Cic. Rep. 1, 32, 48; cf.:

ut ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum, sic hunc nimis liberum populum libertas ipsa servitute afficit,

id. ib. 1, 44, 68:

liber populus,

id. ib. 3, 34, 46:

(Demaratus) vir liber ac fortis,

democratic, republican, fond of liberty, id. ib. 2, 19, 34:

civitates liberae atque immunes,

free from service, Liv. 37, 55:

provinciae civitatesque liberae,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

libera ac foederata oppida,

id. Calig. 3:

Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit,

Juv. 8, 244.—

In a bad sense, esp. with reference to sensual pleasure, unbridled, unchecked, unrestrained, licentious:

quam liber harum rerum multarum siet (Juppiter),

Plaut. Am. prol. 105:

adulescens imprudens et liber,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 40; cf.:

sit adulescentia liberior,

somewhat freer, Cic. Cael. 18, 42:

amores soluti et liberi,

id. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

consuetudo peccandi,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177.—Hence, adv.: lībĕrē, freely, unrestrictedly, without let or hinderance; frankly, openly, boldly:

qui nihil dicit, nihil facit, nihil cogitat denique, nisi libenter ac libere,

Cic. Par. 5, 1, 34:

animus somno relaxatus solute movetur et libere,

id. Div. 2, 48, 100:

respirare,

id. Quint. 11, 39:

constanter et libere (me gessi),

id. Att. 4, 16, 9:

consilium dare,

id. Lael. 13, 44:

aliquid magis accusatorie quam libere dixisse,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 72, § 176:

omnia libere fingimus et impune,

Quint. 6, 1, 43:

ut ingredi libere (oratio), non ut licenter videatur errare,

Cic. Or. 23, 77.— Comp.:

liberius vivendi fuit potestas,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 23:

loqui,

Cic. Planc. 13, 33:

fortius liberiusque defendere,

Quint. 12, 1, 21:

liberius si Dixero quid,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

maledicere,

id. ib. 2, 8, 37:

longius et liberius exseritur digitus,

Quint. 11, 3, 92; cf. id. 11, 3, 97:

ipsaque tellus Omnia liberius, nullo poscente, ferebat,

freely, of itself, spontaneously, Verg. G. 1, 127.

līber, ĕri ( gen. plur. liberūm, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 9; Turp. ap. Non. 495, 26; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; 2, 1, 30, § 77; Tac. A. 2, 38; 3, 25 saep.; cf. Cic. Or. 46, 155;

but also: liberorum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 76; 2, 5, 42, § 109), m. [1. liber], a child.

Sing. (post-class. and rare):

si quis maximam portionem libero relinquat,

Cod. Just. 3, 28, 33; 5, 9, 8 fin.; Quint. Decl. 2, 8.—

Plur., children (freq.; but in class. Lat. only of children with reference to their parents: pueri = children in general, as younger than adulescentes; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 657 sq.).

Lit.: liberorum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 46, 155 (Trag. v. 347 Vahl.): liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, id. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

cum conjugibus et liberis,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 3:

eum ex C. Fadii filiā liberos habuisse,

id. ib. 16, 11, 1:

liberos procreare,

id. Tusc. 5, 37, 109:

suscipere liberos,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 69, § 161:

per liberos te precor,

Hor. Epod. 5, 5:

dulces,

id. ib. 2, 40:

parvuli,

Quint. 2, 15, 8;

opp. parentes,

id. 11, 1, 82; 3, 7, 18; 26; 6, 1, 18; 6, 5 al.: mater quae liberos, quasi oculos (amisit), orba est, Sulp. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 182 Müll.: jus trium liberorum, under the emperors, a privilege enjoyed by those who had three legitimate children (it consisted in the permission to fill a public office before one's twenty-fifth year, and in freedom from personal burdens); this privilege was sometimes also bestowed on those who had fewer than three children, or even none at all; also of one child:

non est sine liberis, cui vel unus filius unave filia est,

Dig. 50, 16, 148; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 6; Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 15; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 99; id. And. 5, 3, 20; Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; id. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40; ib. 30, § 76 Zumpt; cf. also Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:

neque ejus legendam filiam (virginem Vestalem)... qui liberos tres haberet,

Gell. 1, 12, 8:

uxores duxerant, ex quibus plerique liberos habebant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 110, 2.—Of grandchildren and great-grandchildren:

liberorum appellatione nepotes et pronepotes ceterique qui ex his descendunt, continentur,

Dig. 50, 16, 220; cf.:

liberi usque ad trinepotem, ultra hos posteriores vocantur,

ib. 38, 10, 10, § 7:

habitus sis in liberum loco,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 15, § 40.—

Esp.

Of sons (opp. daughters):

procreavit liberos septem totidemque filias,

Hyg. Fab. 9.—

Of children in gen. = pueri:

praecepta Chrysippi de liberorum educatione,

Quint. 1, 11, 17; cf.: Catus aut de liberis educandis, the title of a book by Varro, v. Gell. 4, 19, 2; Macr. S. 3, 6, 5.—

Transf., of animals, young:

liberis orbas oves,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 38.—Comically:

quaerunt litterae hae sibi liberos: alia aliam scandit,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 23.

Līber, ĕri (Sabine collat. form, loebasius, acc. to Serv. Verg. G. 1, 7; cf. 1. liber, and libertas init.), m. [Gr. leibô, to pour; loibê, a drink - offering; Lat. libare], an old Italian deity, who presided over planting and fructification; afterwards identified with the Greek Bacchus:

hunc dico Liberum Semelā natum, non eum, quem nostri majores auguste sancteque Liberum cum Cerere et Libera consecraverunt. Sed quod ex nobis natos liberos appellamus, idcirco Cerere nati nominati sunt Liber et Libera: quod in Libera servant, in Libero non item,

Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; cf. Serv. Verg. G. 1, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

tertio (invocabo) Cererem et Liberum, quod horum fructus maxime necessarii ad victum: ab his enim cibus et potio venit e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 5:

Liber et alma Ceres,

Verg. G. 1, 7:

ex aede Liberi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 128;

in a pun with 1. liber,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 46; cf. id. Curc. 1, 2, 21; id. Stich. 5, 4, 17; so in a pun with liber, free:

quiaque adeo me complevi flore Liberi, Magis libera uti lingua collibitum est mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8; cf.:

salve, anime mi, lepos Liberi, ut veteris ego sum cupida, etc.,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 3.— Connected with pater:

sic factum, ut Libero patri repertori vitis hirci immolarentur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 19:

Romulus et Liber pater,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 5:

per vestigia Liberi patris,

Plin. 4, 10, 17, § 39:

patre favente Libero fetis palmitibus,

Col. 3, 21, 3:

Libero patri in monte res divina celebratur,

Macr. S. 1, 18, 4.—

Meton., wine:

illud, quod erat a deo donatum, nomine ipsius dei nuncupabant: ut cum fruges Cererem appellamus, vinum autem Liberum: ex quo illud Terentii (Eun. 4, 5, 6): sine Cerere et Libero friget Venus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

Liberum et Cererem pro vino et pane,

Quint. 8, 6, 24; cf. also Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 4 supra:

sed pressum Calibus ducere Liberum Si gestis, etc.,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 14:

condita cum verax aperit praecordia Liber,

id. S. 1, 4, 89.

lĭber, bri, m. [Gr. lepein, to peel; lepos, lepis; cf. lobos], the inner bark or rind of a tree.

Lit.

In gen.:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

colligatae libris (arundines),

Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 4:

udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro,

Verg. G. 2, 77:

natam libro et silvestri subere clausam,

id. A. 11, 554; id. E. 10, 67:

quam denso fascia libro,

Juv. 6, 263.—

Esp., because the ancients used the bark or rind of trees to write upon; usually the thin rind of the Egyptian papyrus, on which the books of the Greeks and Romans were usually written (v. Dict. of Antiq. p. 587 sq.):

antea non fuisse chartarum usum. In palmarum foliis primo scriptitatum, dein quarundam arborum libris,

Plin. 13, 11, 21, § 69.—Hence,

Transf.

Paper, parchment, or rolls of any substance used to write upon (cf.:

charta, membrana): quasi quom in libro scribuntur calamo litterae,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 131.—

Most freq. a book, work, treatise:

Demetrii liber de concordia,

Cic. Att. 8, 12, 6:

quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui,

id. Lael. 1, 3; cf. id. ib. 1, 5:

dixi in eo libro, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,

id. de Sen. 15, 54:

libros pervolutare,

id. Att. 5, 12, 2:

evolvere,

id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24:

volvere,

id. Brut. 87, 298:

legere,

id. Fam. 6, 6, 8:

edere,

id. Fat. 1, 1:

libri confectio,

id. de Sen. 1, 1:

tempus ad libros vacuum,

id. Rep. 1, 9, 14:

cujus (Platonis) in libris,

id. ib. 1, 10, 16:

in Graecorum libris,

id. ib. 2, 11, 21:

librum, si malus est, nequeo laudare,

Juv. 3, 41:

actorum libri,

the official gazette, id. 9, 84; cf. 2, 136; and v. Dict. Antiq. s. v. Acta.—

In partic.

A division of a work a look:

tres libri perfecti sunt de Natura Deorum,

Cic. Div. 2, 1, 3:

hi tres libri (de Officiis),

id. Off. 3, 33, 121:

sermo in novem libros distributus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5, 1:

dictum est in libro superiore,

id. Off. 2, 13, 43 [p. 1058] sicut superiore libro continetur, Quint. 11, 1, 1:

versus de libro Ennii annali sexto,

id. 6, 3, 86:

liber primus, secundus, tertius, etc.,

id. 8, 1, 2; 10, 2, 20; 11, 1, 4 al. —Sometimes, in this latter case, liber is omitted:

in T. Livii primo,

Quint. 9, 2, 37:

in tertio de Oratore,

id. 9, 1, 26:

legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32.—

In relig. or pub. law lang., a religious book, scriptures; a statute - book, code:

decemviris adire libros jussis,

i. e. the Sibylline books, Liv. 34, 55; 21, 62; 25, 12:

se cum legeret libros, recordatum esse, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11:

ut in libris est Etruscorum,

id. Div. 2, 23, 50; id. Att. 9, 9, 3:

caerimoniarum,

rituals, Tac. A. 3, 38.—

A list, catalogue, register, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—

A letter, epistle, Nep. Lys. 4, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 1, 5.—

A rescript, decree (post-Aug.):

liber principis severus et tamen moderatus,

Plin. Ep. 5, 14, 8.

dē-dūco, xi, ctum ( imper.:

deduc,

Cic. Rep. 1, 21, 34;

old form, deduce,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 32), 3, v. a., to lead or bring away, to lead, fetch, bring or draw down (for syn. cf.: duco, comitor, prosequor, persequor, stipo, sequor, consequor—freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.

Not designating a limit:

atomos de via,

to turn from a straight course, Cic. Fat. 9, 18:

eum concionari conantem de rostris,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 3:

pedes de lecto,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 82:

suos clam ex agris,

Caes. B. G. 4, 30 fin.; so,

aliquem ex ultimis gentibus,

Cic. Phil. 13, 13:

lunam e curru,

Tib. 1, 8, 21; cf.

the foll.: summā vestem deduxit ab orā,

Ov. M. 3, 480:

cantando rigidas deducere montibus ornos,

Verg. E. 6, 71: lunam caelo id. ib. 8, 69; cf.:

lunam cursu,

Ov. H. 6, 85:

hunc caelo,

id. F. 3, 317:

dominam Ditis thalamo,

Verg. A. 6, 397:

tota carbasa malo,

i. e. to spread, unfurl, by letting down, Ov. M. 11, 477; cf.

the foll.: febres corpore,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 48:

inde boves,

Ov. M. 6, 322:

transfuga duci se ad consules jubet deductusque traditurum urbem promittit,

Liv. 9, 24:

Ubiis imperat, ut pecora deducant suaque omnia ex agris in oppida conferant,

Caes. B. G. 6, 10, 2; cf. Liv. 21, 37: rivos, i. e. to clear out, cleanse ( = detergere, Macr. Sat. 3, 3; Col. 2, 22, 3), Verg. G. 1, 269 Heyne ad loc.; cf.:

aqua Albana deducta ad utilitatem agri suburbani,

conducted off, Cic. Div. 2, 32, 69, and v. the foll.:

lunam,

Prop. 1, 1, 19; cf.

Jovem,

the sun, Hor. Epod. 13, 2:

crines pectine,

to comb, Ov. M. 4, 311; cf.:

caesariem barbae dextrā,

id. ib. 15, 656:

vela,

id. ib. 3, 663:

sive aliquis molli deducit candida gestu Brachia,

moves, Prop. 2, 22 (3, 15), 5 (al. diducit); imitated by Stat. Silv. 3, 5, 66 (al. diducit) et saep.—

Stating the limit:

cito hunc deduc ad militem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 32:

aliquem ad aliquem,

id. ib. 4, 4, 10; Cic. Lael. 1; Caes. B. G. 7, 28 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 18, 3; Sall. J. 113 fin. et saep.:

juvenem ad altos currus,

Ov. M. 2, 106:

suas vestes humero ad pectora,

Ov. M. 6, 405; cf.:

manum ad imum ventrem,

Quint. 11, 3, 112 et saep.:

impedimenta in proximum collem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 68, 2:

aquam in vias,

Cato R. R. 155; Ov. M. 1, 582:

aliquem in conspectum (Caesaris),

Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 2:

aliquem in arcem,

Liv. 1, 18; id. 1, 58:

aliquem in carcerem,

Sall. C. 55:

in arenam,

Suet. Calig. 35: levis deducet pondere fratres, will bring down (the scale), Grat. Cyn. 292. —

In partic.

Milit. t. t., to draw off, lead off, withdraw troops from a place; to lead, conduct, bring to a place: praesidia de locis, Sisenna ap. Non. 289, 15; so with de, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60; Caes. B. G. 5, 51, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 14 al.:

exercitum ex his regionibus,

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 19; so with ex, id. ib. 7, 87, 4 fin.; 7, 81 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 12, 3 al.:

legionem ab opere,

id. ib. 3, 69; so with ab, id. ib. 2, 26, 3; Liv. 34, 35 al.:

deducta Orico legione,

Caes. B. C. 3, 34:

exercitum finibus Attali,

Liv. 32, 27: deducto exercitu, Caes. B. G. 6, 43, 3; 7, 20, 11; id. B. C. 3, 39 al.; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 2:

milites ad Ciceronem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27, 9:

tres in arcem cohortes praesidio,

id. B. C. 3, 19, 5:

a Flacco inter ceteros, quos virtutis causa secum ex provincia ad triumphum deducebat, deductus sum,

Liv. 42, 34:

copias ex locis superioribus in campum deducit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 40 fin.:

legionibus in hiberna deductis,

id. B. G. 2, 35, 3; so,

in hiberna,

Liv. 26, 20; 43, 9:

in interiorem Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 2; cf.

in Menapios,

id. ib. 4, 22, 5:

in proxima municipia,

id. B. C. 1, 32:

in hiberna in Sequanos,

id. B. G. 1, 54, 2:

in aciem,

Liv. 3, 62:

praesidia eo,

Caes. B. C. 2, 18, 5:

neque more militari vigiliae deducebantur,

Sall. Jug. 44, 5; id. C. 59, 1. —

Pub. law t. t., to lead forth, conduct a colony to a place:

coloni, qui lege Julia Capuam deducti erant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4; cf. Suet. Caes. 81:

colonos in aliquem locum,

id. ib. 28:

coloniam in aliquem locum,

Cic. Rep. 2, 3; 2, 4; Liv. 10, 1; 10, 13; 34, 45 (repeatedly); Suet. Tib. 4 al.:

Aquileia colonia Latina eo anno in agro Gallorum est deducta,

Liv. 40, 34; cf.:

in colonia Capua deducti,

Suet. Caes. 81:

ut emantur agri a privatis, quo plebs publice deducatur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 25; cf. id. ib. 2, 26;

2, 34, 92: triumvir coloniis deducendis,

Sall. J. 42; cf. Liv. 9, 46; 9, 28; Suet. Aug. 46 al.— Absol.:

deductis olim et nobiscum per conubium sociatis, haec patria est,

Tac. H. 4, 65. —

Nautical t. t.

To draw out a ship from the docks:

ex navalibus eorum unam (navem) deducit,

Caes. B. C. 2, 3, 2:

deducunt socii naves,

Verg. A. 3, 71.—Hence far more freq. meton., like the Gr. kathelkein, to draw down a ship from the stocks into the sea; to launch, Liv. 21, 17; 41, 9; Caes. B. G. 7, 60:

neque multum abesse (naves) ab eo, quin paucis diebus deduci possent,

id. ib. 5, 2, 2:

naves,

id. ib. 5, 23, 2:

classem,

Liv. 36, 41 al.:

naves litore,

Verg. A. 4, 398:

carinas,

Ov. M. 6, 144; 8, 104 et saep.—

Rarely for subducere and the Gr. katagein, to draw a ship into port:

onerarias naves in portum deducunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36, 2:

in portum,

Petr. 101, 8.—

Weavers' t. t., to draw out, spin out the thread, yarn:

dextera tum leviter deducens fila, Catull. 64, 313: filum,

Ov. M. 4, 36; id. Am. 1, 14, 7; id. H. 9, 77.—Hence, meton., to prepare a web, to weave:

vetus in tela deducitur argumentum,

is interwoven, represented in weaving, Ov. M. 6, 69.—

t. t. of common life, to lead out, conduct, escort, accompany a person out of the house, as a mark of respect or for protection:

haec ipsa sunt honorabilia... assurgi, deduci, reduci,

Cic. de Sen. 18, 63:

cum magna multitudo optimorum virorum et civium me de domo deduceret,

id. Fam. 10, 12, 2; Suet. Aug. 29:

ne deducendi sui causa populum de foro abduceret,

Liv. 23, 23 fin.; cf. Tac. A. 3, 14:

a quibus (sc. equitibus Rom.) si domus nostra celebratur, si interdum ad forum deducimur, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 34.—

Esp., to conduct a young man to a public teacher:

dicam hunc a patre continuo ad me esse deductum,

Cic. Cael. 4, 9; id. Lael. 1, 1; Tac. Dial. 34; Quint. 12, 11, 6; cf. ephebum in gymnasium, Petron. 85, 3.—

Aliquam alicui, ad aliquem, to lead, conduct a bride (from her father's house) to her husband (cf. denubo):

bona uxor si ea deducta est usquam cuiquam gentium,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 90; cf.

Catull. 68, 143: virginem juveni marito,

Tib. 3, 4, 31:

uni nuptam, ad quem virgo deducta sit,

Liv. 10, 23:

nullo exemplo deductae in domum patrui fratris filiae,

Tac. A. 12, 5; so,

in domum,

id. ib. 14, 63; so of the bridegroom himself, to take home the bride:

domum in cubiculum,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 60:

uxorem domum,

id. Hec. 1, 2, 60:

quo primum virgo quaeque deducta est,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14 fin.—Absol.:

eas velut auspicibus nobilissimis populis deductas esse,

Liv. 42, 12, 4; cf. Prop. 4 (5), 3, 13.—

In a dishonorable sense, to bring one a concubine, Plaut. Casin. 2, 8, 36; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 34; Suet. Calig. 25; id. Caes. 50; id. Ner. 28; cf. also the foll., no. 7.—

To lead about in a public procession, Suet. Tib. 17 fin.:

invidens privata deduci superbo non humilis mulier triumpho,

Hor. Od. 1, 37, 31:

tensas,

Suet. Aug. 43; id. Vesp. 5.—

Hence, to drive out, expel = expellere: Arsinoen ex regno, Auct. B. [p. 527] Alex. 33:

ex possessione,

Liv. 34, 58, 6. —

Jurid. t. t.

Aliquem de fundo, to lead away a person from a disputed possession in the presence of witnesses (with or without force: the latter moribus, the former vi solida), in order to procure him the right of action (this was a symbolic procedure preparatory to an action): appellat Fabius, ut aut ipse Tullium deduceret aut ab eo deduceretur. Dicit deducturum se Tullius, etc., Cic. pro Tull. Fragm. § 20; id. Agr. 2, 26, 68;

placuit Caecinae constituere, quo die in rem praesentem veniretur, et de fundo Caecina moribus deduceretur, etc.,

id. Caecin. 7, 20.—

To bring before a tribunal as a witness:

multi boni ad hoc judicium deducti non sunt,

Cic. Flac. 4, 9.—

To bring to trial:

lis ad forum deducta est,

Phaedr. 3, 13, 3. —

With the accessory idea of diminution, to withdraw, deduct, subtract, diminish:

cibum,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 23. And as a mercantile t. t.:

addendo deducendoque videre, quae reliqui summa fiat,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 59:

ut centum nummi deducerentur,

id. Leg. 2, 21, 53; cf. Cato R. R. 144 sq.:

de capite deducite, quod usuris pernumeratum est,

Liv. 6, 15; cf. Suet. Caes. 42 et saep.—Hence in a double sense: Tertia deducta est (in allusion to the meaning, no. 5, c. b), Suet. Caes. 50; cf. the same account in Macr. S. 2, 2.

Trop.

In gen., to bring down, bring or lead away, withdraw, bring, lead: quare, si placet, deduc orationem tuam de coelo ad haec citeriora, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 85, 20, and 289, 9:

licet enim contrahere universitatem generis humani, eamque gradatim ad pauciores, postremo deducere in singulos,

id. N. D. 2, 65 fin.:

aliquem de animi lenitate,

id. Cat. 2, 13; cf.:

aliquem de animi pravitate,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 10 fin.:

aliquem de sententia,

Cic. Brut. 25 fin.:

aliquem de fide,

id. Verr. 1, 9, 25 et saep.:

perterritos a timore,

id. N. D. 2, 59, 148:

aliquem a tristitia, ab acerbitate,

id. de Or. 2, 83 fin.:

aliquem ab humanitate, a pietate, a religione,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6 (for which, shortly before, abducere):

aliquem a vera accusatione,

id. ib. 2, 1, 6 fin.; id. Fam. 1, 1, 2 et saep.:

voluntates impellere quo velit, unde autem velit deducere,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 30:

mos unde deductus,

derived, Hor. Od. 4, 4, 19; cf.:

nomen ab Anco,

Ov. F. 6, 803:

quae tandem ea est disciplina, ad quam me deducas,

Cic. Acad. 2, 36:

aliquem ad fletum misericordiamque,

id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:

aliquem ad eam sententiam,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10, 5; 6, 10, 2:

rem ad arma,

id. B. C. 1, 4 fin.; cf.:

rem ad otium,

id. ib. 1, 5 fin.:

plura argumenta ad unum effectum,

Quint. 9, 2, 103 et saep.:

quam in fortunam quamque in amplitudinem deduxisset (Aeduos),

Caes. B. G. 7, 54, 3; so,

aliquem in eum casum,

id. ib. 2, 31, 6:

aliquem in periculum,

id. ib. 7, 50, 4: Quint. 4, 2, 12; cf.:

rem in summum periculum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 31; id. B. C. 1, 19, 3:

rem in controversiam,

id. B. G. 7, 63, 5:

aliquem in causam,

Liv. 36, 5:

in societatem belli,

id. 36, 7 et saep.:

huc jam deduxerat rem, ut, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 62; so,

rem huc, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 86, 3:

deduxisti totam hanc rem in duo genera solum causarum, caetera innumerabilia exercitationi reliquisti,

have brought, reduced, Cic. de Or. 2, 17, 71; id. Cat. 2, 2, 4; cf.:

rem in eum locum, ut, etc.,

id. Fam. 16, 12:

quem in locum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 3:

ergo huc universa causa deducitur, utrum, etc.,

id. Rosc. Com. 12, 34:

rerum divisio in duos articulos deducitur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 2:

audi, quo rem deducam,

what I aim at, what I have in view, to what conclusion I will bring the matter, Hor. S. 1, 1, 15:

Aeolium carmen ad Italos modos,

transfer, transplant, id. Od. 3, 30, 14; cf.:

in patriam deducere musas,

Verg. G. 3, 10. —